Discover the ultimate upholstery cleaning guide. Learn how to clean, maintain, and remove stains from fabric, leather, and specialty materials… with both DIY and professional tips.
Upholstered furniture brings comfort, style, and warmth to your home, but it also attracts dust, stains, and odors over time. Whether you have a fabric sofa, a leather armchair, or dining chairs with upholstered seats, regular cleaning is essential to keep them looking and smelling fresh.
This upholstery cleaning guide answers common questions about DIY upholstery cleaning, how to remove stains from upholstery, and whether professional upholstery cleaning is worth the investment.
Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/kid-hiding-on-pillows-262103/
Why Should You Clean Upholstery?
Furniture is one of the most used elements in a home, making it a magnet for dirt, spills, allergens, and bacteria. Without regular maintenance, upholstery can:
- Look worn and dull
- Develop stubborn stains
- Harbor dust mites and allergens
- Retain unpleasant odors
Cleaning your upholstery not only improves appearance but also extends its lifespan and keeps your living space healthier.
How Often Should You Clean Upholstered Furniture?
Q: How often should you clean upholstery if it doesn’t look dirty?
Even if stains are not visible, dust, pollen, and bacteria can still build up.
- Every 12–18 months: Professional deep cleaning for most households
- Every 6–12 months: For homes with pets, kids, or heavy daily use
- Weekly or biweekly: Vacuuming to remove dust and prevent dirt buildup
Regular upholstery cleaning helps prevent stains from setting and keeps fabrics fresh.
Understanding Upholstery Cleaning Codes
Before starting any cleaning process, locate your furniture’s cleaning code tag:
- W: Use water-based cleaners
- S: Use solvent-based cleaners only
- WS: Safe for water- or solvent-based cleaners
- X: Vacuum or brush only; professional cleaning recommended
Knowing your code prevents damage and ensures the right cleaning method.
What Are the Types of Upholstery Fabrics?
The fabric type determines the safest and most effective cleaning method:
- Cotton: Breathable but stains easily
- Linen: Elegant but water-sensitive
- Polyester/Synthetic Blends: Durable and low-maintenance
- Velvet: Luxurious but delicate
- Microfiber: Stain-resistant and pet-friendly
- Leather: Long-lasting but requires conditioning
- Suede: Soft but sensitive to water
How to Clean Upholstery at Home Without a Machine
If you’re looking to learn how to clean a sofa and other upholstery, here are some basics…
Q: Can I clean upholstery myself?
Yes! Most furniture can be cleaned at home with the right products and tools.
Step 1: Vacuum Thoroughly
Use an upholstery attachment to remove loose dirt, dust, and pet hair from all surfaces.
Step 2: Test a Hidden Spot
Always test your chosen cleaner in an inconspicuous area to check for discoloration. This is important to prevent damage to your piece.
Step 3: Choose the Right Cleaner
- For W fabrics: Mild dish soap and warm water
- For S fabrics: Solvent-based cleaner or rubbing alcohol
- For WS fabrics: Either method is safe
- For X fabrics: Only vacuum or brush — no liquid cleaning
Step 4: Spot Clean Stains
Blot with a clean microfiber cloth; avoid rubbing to prevent spreading the stain.
Step 5: Clean the Entire Surface
Work in sections, rinsing your cloth frequently.
Step 6: Let It Dry Completely
Ensure the fabric is fully dry before using to avoid mildew growth.
Best Upholstery Cleaning Products on Amazon
If you want professional-quality results at home, these highly rated upholstery cleaning products from Amazon can make the job easier and more effective.
1. Bissell Little Green Portable Carpet and Upholstery Cleaner
A compact, portable steam cleaner perfect for tackling spills, pet messes, and deep-seated dirt. It comes with a spray and suction system to loosen and lift stains quickly.
Best for: Households with pets, children, or frequent spills.
2. Resolve Multi-Fabric Cleaner
A versatile upholstery cleaner spray that works on sofas, chairs, car interiors, and other fabric surfaces. Easy to use and dries quickly without leaving residue.
Best for: Quick spot cleaning and deodorizing fabric.
3. Folex Instant Carpet Spot Remover
A top-rated, no-rinse formula that removes stains without harsh chemicals. Safe for colorfast upholstery and works on both old and new stains.
Best for: Removing old or stubborn stains without strong odors.
4. Scotchgard Fabric & Upholstery Protector
Not a cleaner, but a protector that repels liquids and prevents stains from setting. Applying it after cleaning helps keep furniture fresh longer.
Best for: Maintaining freshly cleaned upholstery.
5. Bissell Professional Pet Stain & Odor Remover
An enzyme-based cleaner that breaks down organic stains and neutralizes odors from pets. Works well on urine, vomit, and other organic messes.
Best for: Pet owners dealing with recurring messes.
Pro Tip: Always check your upholstery’s cleaning code before using any product, and test it on an inconspicuous area to ensure it’s safe for your fabric type.
How Do You Remove Stains from Upholstery?
Q: How do you get coffee stains out of upholstery?
Blot immediately, then clean with warm soapy water (W fabrics) or rubbing alcohol (S fabrics).
Q: How do you remove wine stains from a couch?
Blot with paper towels, sprinkle baking soda, and clean with the correct fabric-safe cleaner.
Q: How do you get ink out of upholstery?
Dab gently with rubbing alcohol for S or WS fabrics after testing.
Q: How do you clean pet urine from upholstery?
Blot, then apply an enzyme cleaner to break down odor-causing bacteria.
Can You Steam Clean Upholstery?
Steam cleaning can be an effective deep cleaning method for upholstery but is only safe for W and WS fabrics.
Benefits include:
- Removing embedded dirt and allergens
- Killing bacteria and dust mites
- Refreshing fabric appearance
Always vacuum first and allow the furniture to dry completely.
How to Clean Leather Upholstery
Leather requires special care to avoid cracking and fading.
- Vacuum with a soft brush attachment.
- Wipe with a damp microfiber cloth.
- Use a leather-specific cleaner for deeper cleaning.
- Apply conditioner every 6–12 months.
Q: Can I use vinegar on leather furniture?
Yes, in a diluted solution, followed by a conditioner to prevent drying.
How to Clean Velvet and Suede Upholstery
- Velvet: Brush or vacuum gently; for stains, use a mild upholstery cleaner and blot carefully.
- Suede: Use a suede brush and specialty suede cleaner; avoid water to prevent spots.
Best Homemade Upholstery Cleaner for Fabric Sofa
DIY All-Purpose Cleaner:
- 2 cups warm water
- 1 tablespoon mild dish soap
- 1 tablespoon white vinegar
Lightly mist the fabric, blot with a microfiber cloth, then rinse with a damp cloth.
Odor Neutralizer:
Sprinkle baking soda, let sit for 20 minutes, then vacuum thoroughly.
How to Get Rid of Odors from Upholstered Furniture
Q: How do you deodorize a couch naturally?
- Sprinkle baking soda and vacuum
- Lightly mist with vinegar-water spray
- Use an upholstery-safe fabric freshener
How do you get old stains out of upholstery?
Old or set-in stains can be stubborn, but with the right approach, many can still be removed or significantly lightened. The key is to match the cleaning method to your upholstery’s fabric type and cleaning code. You’ve got this!
Step 1: Identify the Stain Type
If possible, figure out what caused the stain. Grease, ink, wine, coffee, and pet accidents each require different treatments. Knowing the source will help you choose the most effective cleaner.
Step 2: Check the Fabric Cleaning Code
Look for a label on your furniture indicating whether you should use water-based cleaners (W), solvent-based cleaners (S), either (WS), or vacuum only (X). Following this code helps prevent damage.
Step 3: Pre-Treat the Stain
- W or WS fabrics: Mix warm water with a few drops of mild dish soap and blot the stain with a microfiber cloth. You can also add a small amount of white vinegar for extra cleaning power.
- S fabrics: Use a dry-cleaning solvent or rubbing alcohol, applied with a clean cloth.
- Grease-based stains: Sprinkle baking soda over the stain, let sit for 15–20 minutes, then vacuum before spot cleaning.
Step 4: Gently Work the Cleaner In
Blot the stained area gently, working from the outside in to prevent spreading. Avoid scrubbing, as this can damage fibers and set the stain deeper.
Step 5: Rinse and Blot Dry
Use a clean cloth dampened with plain water to remove any cleaner residue. Then press a dry towel onto the area to absorb excess moisture.
Step 6: Repeat if Necessary
Some old stains may require multiple treatments. Allow the fabric to dry completely between attempts to avoid over-saturating.
Pro Tip: For especially stubborn or large old stains, professional upholstery cleaning may be the most effective option, as they have specialized products and extraction tools that go deeper than DIY methods.
How to Clean Couch Cushions That Can’t Be Removed
Some sofas have fixed cushions that do not unzip or detach, making cleaning a little more challenging. While you can’t simply toss them in the wash, there are still effective ways to keep them fresh and stain-free.
Step 1: Vacuum Thoroughly
Remove crumbs, dirt, and pet hair with an upholstery attachment, focusing on seams and crevices.
Step 2: Treat Stains Immediately
Blot fresh spills with a dry cloth. Use fabric-safe cleaning solutions according to your sofa’s cleaning code.
Step 3: Use a Steam Cleaner (If Fabric Allows)
Only for W or WS fabrics — avoid oversaturating.
Step 4: Deodorize and Refresh
Sprinkle baking soda over the cushions, let sit 20–30 minutes, then vacuum.
Step 5: Dry Thoroughly
Ensure the fabric is completely dry to avoid mold or mildew.
How to Clean Couch Cushions That Unzip but Can’t Go in the Washing Machine
Some cushion covers are removable but labeled “dry clean only” or unsuitable for machine washing. In this case, spot cleaning is best.
Step 1: Vacuum the Covers
Remove them if possible and vacuum inside and out.
Step 2: Spot Clean According to the Cleaning Code
Use water-based cleaners for W, solvent-based cleaners for S, and either for WS. X-coded fabrics should be professionally cleaned.
Step 3: Rinse and Blot Dry
Lightly dampen a cloth with plain water to remove cleaner residue, then blot with a towel.
Step 4: Air Dry Thoroughly
Avoid high heat or direct sunlight. If covers are still on the cushion, use fans for quicker drying.
Step 5: Deodorize
Use baking soda between cleanings to keep them smelling fresh.
Professional Upholstery Cleaning Cost Guide
Professional upholstery cleaning costs vary:
- Armchair: $50–$150
- Sofa: $100–$250
- Sectional: $150–$400
Factors affecting price include fabric type, size, staining, and cleaning method.
Is Professional Upholstery Cleaning Worth It?
Hire a professional if:
- The fabric is delicate or antique
- The cleaning code is X
- Stains are deep and set-in
- You want to remove allergens and bacteria completely
Professionals use industrial-grade tools for a deeper, longer-lasting clean.
Pet-Friendly Furniture Cleaning
Pets bring joy and companionship, but they can also leave behind hair, odors, and the occasional stain on your furniture. With the right approach, you can keep your upholstery fresh while maintaining a safe environment for your furry friends.
Step 1: Vacuum Frequently
Use a vacuum with an upholstery attachment or a pet hair–specific tool at least once a week. This removes loose hair, dander, and dirt that pets track in.
Step 2: Tackle Pet Odors Naturally
Sprinkle baking soda over your sofa or chairs, let it sit for 20–30 minutes, and then vacuum thoroughly. Baking soda is safe for pets and effective at neutralizing odors.
Step 3: Use Pet-Safe Cleaners
When spot cleaning, choose mild, non-toxic cleaners. Avoid products with bleach, ammonia, or strong fragrances that could irritate your pet’s skin or respiratory system.
Step 4: Address Stains Quickly
For accidents, blot (don’t rub) with a dry cloth. Apply an enzyme-based cleaner to break down urine, vomit, or other organic stains at the source.
Step 5: Protect Your Upholstery
- Add washable slipcovers or throws to your furniture for easy cleaning.
- Train pets to use designated blankets or pet beds placed on the sofa.
- Keep pet nails trimmed to reduce snags or scratches on fabric.
Pro Tip: Regular grooming and bathing of your pets will help minimize hair shedding and dander buildup, making upholstery maintenance much easier.
Upholstery Cleaning Tips to Keep Furniture Fresh
- Vacuum weekly
- Rotate cushions
- Treat stains immediately
- Use slipcovers for protection
- Keep pets off furniture if possible
Final Thoughts
Knowing how to clean and maintain upholstery …whether you choose DIY upholstery cleaning or professional services — ensures your furniture stays beautiful, fresh, and comfortable for years. The key is to clean regularly, act quickly on spills, and always follow fabric-specific care instructions.